This book describes new developments in the nanochemistry of almost all elements of the periodic system, primarily for the period from 2006-2008. The main benefit of this book is the actualization of the interest in the elements of the periodic system. Important qualities of ultrathin assemblies, which are not common knowledge to chemists, including magnetism, luminescence, conductivity, thermoelectricity and density functional theory are explained in an introductory chapter. Carbon yoctowells and iron nanoparticles are covered in separate chapters. Other elements are discussed mostly in connection with interesting new nanocrystal and nanowire phenomena and the packing of molecules and atoms within yoctowells, containers with the volume of a few cubic nanometres. The book is written from the unique viewpoint of interesting interactions and properties which are not found in bulk materials, for example:- * silver metal nanocrystals which luminesce * glucose which becomes water-insoluble in yoctowells without any chemical reaction * the ballistic transport of electrons in thin carbon tubes without warming and their expansion and destructive power in slightly broader ones * the contraction of polymers in water upon warming from 36-40¦C * the endless luminescence of metal sulphides